Journal: mBio

Article Title: Inhalation of Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02558-22

Figure Lengend Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 binding and infection of polarized epithelial cells was blocked by LMWH enoxaparin. (A) SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus binding was measured in polarized Caco-2 cells that were cultured in a static 3D model. The virus was either directly added or upon prior incubation with an in vitro enoxaparin (250 IU) control for 30 min. Binding with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was measured using a p24 ELISA. (B) Polarized Caco-2 were infected with authentic SARS-CoV-2 (Italy; 10 4 TCID 50 ) either without or in the presence of antibodies against ACE2 or after prior in vitro incubation with LMWH enoxaparin (250 IU) for 30 min. Authentic SARS-CoV-2 was detected after lysis by quantitative RT-PCR of viral RNA. (C) A 3D epithelial cell model of polarized normal human bronchial epithelial cells was treated with enoxaparin (nebulization) and SARS-CoV-2 was added at different time points (0.5 h, 4 h, 16 h, and 24 h). SARS-CoV-2 infection was measured by quantitative RT-PCR of viral RNA after 24 h. The data show the mean values and error bars are the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using (A) one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test; *, P = 0.0203; ***, P = 0.0005; ****, P < 0.0001 ( n = 2), or (B) one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test; ****, P < 0.0001 ( n = 2). (C) n = 2.

Article Snippet: Luna Universal Probe One-Step RT-PCR kit (New England BioLabs, Ipswich, Mass) was used for target amplification, and runs were performed on the CFX96 real-time detection system (Bio-Rad).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Infection, Cell Culture, Incubation, In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Lysis, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Inhalation of Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02558-22

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo enoxaparin inhalation prevented authentic SARS-CoV-2 binding to nasal epithelial cells. (A and B) Nasal epithelial cells retrieved from the nasal cavity of healthy volunteers after exposure to placebo (saline solution, left nostril) and LMWH enoxaparin (right nostril) were exposed to authentic SARS-CoV-2 (hCOV-19 Italy) for 4 h at 4C compared to an uninfected control sample (A). (C) Additionally, authentic SARS-CoV-2 was incubated in the presence or absence of in vitro LMWH enoxaparin (250 IU) for 30 min before inoculation of epithelial cells. (A to C) Virus binding was measured after 4 h by real-time RT-PCR. Data show the mean values and error bars are the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using (A) a two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test; **, P = 0.0036; *, P = 0.0315 ( n = 12); or (B) a two-tailed, unpaired, nonparametric, Mann-Whitney test; **, P = 0.0387; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Luna Universal Probe One-Step RT-PCR kit (New England BioLabs, Ipswich, Mass) was used for target amplification, and runs were performed on the CFX96 real-time detection system (Bio-Rad).

Techniques: In Vivo, Binding Assay, Incubation, In Vitro, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: The ISME Journal

Article Title: Nitrogen fixation in distinct microbial niches within a chemoautotrophy-driven cave ecosystem

doi: 10.1038/ismej.2013.126

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sampling details of Niphargus spp. ( Niphargus ictus , Niphargus frasassianus and Niphargus montanarius ), Beggiatoa and ɛ-Proteobacteria biofilms and sediment in the Frasassi caves

Article Snippet: Single-tube, one-step, two-enzyme RT-PCR (Access RT-PCR System kit, Promega, Mannheim, Germany) was performed with RNA extracts digested with RNase-free DNase (RQ1, Promega), according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Sampling, RNA Extraction, Reverse Transcription, Amplification, Acetylene Reduction Assay, Mass Spectrometry, Quantitative Proteomics